A human urinary bladder stores the urine and looks like a hollow muscular organ in the lower abdomen.

Urinary bladder cancer is one of the common cancer that affects cells in the bladder. Most bladder cancer can be diagnosed at early stages, where treatment is much easier. Recurrence has also been seen in few cases post surgery, so one has to on constant follow up for few years after completion of treatment.

Symptoms

• Painful and frequent urination is one of major symptoms and signs of bladder cancer
• Lower back pain
• Haematuria / Blood or blood clots in urine
• Not able to pass urine but have an urge to urinate

Causes

It usually happens when abnormal cells grow and spread in urinary bladder and destroys health cells. However, the exact cause is still unknown.

Risk Factors

There are multiple risk factors associated

• Previous cancer treatment
• Family history of cancer
• With age
• Smoking
• Exposure to chemicals
• More prominent in males
• Consumption of high-fat diet

Types Of Urinary Bladder Cancer

• Adenocarcinoma : Though adenocarcinoma is rare, it begins when grandular cells form in the bladder post bladder inflammation and irritation.
• Squamous Cells Carcinoma : It is formed when flat and thin squamous cells form in urinary bladder cancer post long term infection.
• Transitional / Urothelial CarcinomaThis type of cancer begins in the inner layer of bladder. These cells expand when the bladder is full and contract when empty. This is the most common type of bladder cancer.

Prevention

• One should take adequate caution if he/she is working in the chemical industry. Proper safety instructions have to be followed to avoid exposure.
• One should avoid smoking habit to prevent cancer
• Consumption of adequate fruits and veggies rich in antioxidants is helpful in prevention and reduce risks of cancer.

Diagnosis

• Complete urine analysis
• CPE ( Cystoscopy ) helps in ruling out urinary bladder cancer
• A bladder biopsy is recommended to collect a cell sample for treating bladder cancer

Treatment

1. a) TURBT (Trans Uretheral Resection of Bladder Tumor): TURBT is an ideal procedure to remove cancer confined to the inner layers of the urinary bladder. Holmium Laser TURBT is being practised at Diyos Hospital and is the best treatment for urinary bladder cancer in Delhi, NCR.Chemotherapy is also recommended and advised as a part of the TURBT procedure in some cases.

Cystectomy

Cystectomy can be partial or complete depending on the spread of a tumour. Radical cystectomy is advised to remove the entire bladder and lymph nodes. It also includes the removal of the prostate and seminal vesicles.

Reconstruction ( Neo-Bladder):

Post radical cystectomy, a urinary diversion is created. Neobladder reconstruction is done as an option for urinary diversion. This is created with a piece of our intestine and called a neo-bladder. This is attached to your urethra for normal functioning. One can urinate normally. In some cases, a catheter is used periodically to drain urine.

Illeal Conduit

This is another option for urinary diversion, similarly using a piece of intestine an illeal coduit ( tube ) is created which runs from one’s ureter and drains the kidneys to the outside of the body. The urine gets emptied in a urostomy bag attached to the stomach.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy treatment for urinary bladder cancer requires a combination of drugs. Administration of drugs can be intravenously given or directly into the bladder as well.

Immunotherapy

This is a drug treatment to help your immune system to fight bladder cancer. Immunotherapy can be administered directly into the bladder as well as intravenously. Intravenously immunotherapy might be recommended after TURBT for small bladder cancers. BCG is used in these cases, which causes an immune system reaction that helps germ-fighting cells to the bladder.

We at Diyos Hospital, have all modalities of treatment and provide the best treatment for urinary bladder cancer in Delhi, NCR by our best Urologists & Oncologists.